The Influence of Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction on the Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) of Foreign and Local Health Workers at Hospital Nacional Guido Valadares (HNGV)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64146/6cyjjc59Keywords:
Organizational culture, job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior, healthcare workers, multicultural hospitalAbstract
Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) represents voluntary behavior essential for healthcare organizational effectiveness, yet research examining OCB antecedents in multicultural hospital settings within developing countries remains limited. This study aimed to analyze the influence of organizational culture and job satisfaction on OCB while comparing OCB levels between local and foreign healthcare workers at Hospital Nacional Guido Valadares, Timor-Leste. Employing a quantitative cross-sectional approach, data were collected from 187 healthcare workers through structured questionnaires measuring organizational culture, job satisfaction, and OCB. Multiple regression analysis revealed that organizational culture and job satisfaction significantly influenced OCB, accounting for 48.7% of the variance. The dominant clan culture proved effective in creating an environment conducive to citizenship behaviors. Notably, no significant differences emerged in OCB between local and foreign healthcare workers, indicating successful multicultural integration. Altruism scored highest among OCB dimensions while sportsmanship scored lowest. This study enriches the OCB literature within developing country healthcare contexts and offers practical implications for healthcare human resource management in building supportive organizational cultures and enhancing job satisfaction to foster citizenship behaviors.
References
Abawa , A. T. , & Obse , A. G. (2024). The effect of organizational culture on employees' job satisfaction: The case of Oromia Seed Enterprise, Ethiopia. Cogent Business & Management , 11 (1), 2324127. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2324127
Ahmad, I., Donia, MBL, & Shahzad, K. (2023). Impact of corporate social responsibility attributions on employees' extra-role behaviors: A meta-analytic review. Frontiers in Psychology , 13 , 1015921. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1015921
Akgerman , A., Gül, D., & Sönmez, B. (2025). The relationship between inclusive leadership, organizational justice, work engagement and organizational citizenship behavior in healthcare workers. Leadership in Health Services , 38 (2), 192–210. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHS-05-2024-0042
Almansour, H., Gobbi, M., Prichard, J., & Ewings, S. (2022). Exploring factors that influence the decision‐making process for nurses considering migrating: A mixed‐methods systematic review. International Nursing Review , 69 (4), 473–487. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12699
Alsaqqa , H.H., & Akyürek, Ç. E. (2021). Assessment of organizational culture types, leadership styles and their relationships within governmental and non-governmental hospitals in the Gaza Strip of Palestine. BMC Health Services Research , 21 (1), 356. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06326-2
Barili , E., Bertoli, P., Grembi , V., & Rattini , V. (2022). Job satisfaction among healthcare workers in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS ONE , 17 (10), e0275334. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275334
Birbirsa , Z.A., & Worku, W.W. (2024). The effect of organizational culture on employee performance: The mediating role of employee commitment in manufacturing industries in Ethiopia. Cogent Business & Management , 11 (1), 2350804. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2350804
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life . John Wiley.
Bogale, T., & Debela, K. L. (2024). Organizational culture and employee commitment: Insights from the service sector in Ethiopia. Cogent Business & Management , 11 (1), 2340129. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2340129
Cameron, K.S., Quinn, R.E., DeGraff, J., & Thakor, A.V. (2022). Competing values leadership (3rd ed.). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800888951
Cardona, P., Lawrence, B. S., & Bentler, P. M. (2004). The Influence of Social and Work Exchange Relationships on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Group & Organization Management , 29 (2), 219–247. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601103257401
Changaranchola , B.S., & Samantara , R. (2024). Organizational citizenship behavior in hospitals: A bibliometric analysis. Rajagiri Management Journal , 18 (2), 134–150. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAMJ-07-2023-0199
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Sage Publications.
Cropanzano , R., Anthony, E.L., Daniels, S.R., & Hall, A.V. (2017). Social exchange theory: A critical review with theoretical remedies. Academy of Management Annals , 11 (1), 479–516. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2015.0099
Cropanzano , R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management , 31 (6), 874–900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602
Cubelo, S., Smirni , P., Casacci, L. P., & Ferraro, P. M. (2024). Exploring job satisfaction among internationally educated nurses: A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences , 38 (2), 239–251. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.13280
De Vries, N., Huisman, E., Laur, A., Bastiaans , F., & van der Velden, P. G. (2023). Fatigue, emotional exhaustion, and work engagement among healthcare workers in a hospital: A cross-sectional study. Healthcare , 11 (13), 1887. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11131887
Fan, X., Lin, Y., Chen, Y., Ma, J., & Wang, Y. (2023). Perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship behavior: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology , 14 , 1254421. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1254421
Freitas, A. F. da C., Martins, M. M., & Oliveira, M. J. (2025). How to guarantee quality in the organization of care in East Timor: a nursing view. Derecho y Cambio Social , 22 (82), e3390. https://doi.org/10.54899/dcs.v22i82.3390
Gao, X., Yang, L., Liu, T., & Dong, W. (2023). The impact of organizational culture on work engagement among healthcare workers: A systematic review. Psychology Research and Behavior Management , 16 , 1879–1895. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S423152
Hemsworth, D., Muterera , J., & Baregheh , A. (2024). Job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior: Exploring the mediating effect of organizational commitment. Psychological Reports , 127 (4), 1845–1872. https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941241252784
Hou , What do health workers in Timor-Leste want, know and do? Findings from a national health labor market survey. Human Resources for Health , 14 (1), 69. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-016-0164-1
Hua, Y., Wei, Y., Qian, W., & Zhang, T. (2023). Organizational culture, job satisfaction, and turnover intention in nursing: A systematic review. Journal of Nursing Management , 2023 , 9686746. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9686746
Johnson, K., Thompson, J., & Hall, M. (2025). Organizational culture and healthcare performance: A systematic review of competing values framework applications. Journal of Health Organization and Management , 39 (1), 45–68. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHOM-05-2024-0197
Nassani , A. A., Badshah, W., Grigorescu, A., Cozorici , A.-N., Yousaf, Z., & Zhan, X. (2024). Participatory leadership and supportive organizational culture Panacea for job satisfaction regulatory role of work-life balance. Heliyon , 10 (16), e36043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36043
Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome . Lexington Books.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management , 26 (3), 513–563. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600307
Rickardo, G., Waléria , M., & Priscila, G. (2023). Health management models and their impacts on organizational behaviors of human resources in the hospital setting. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews , 17 (3), 318–324. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.17.3.0382
Santos, A., Silva, J., & Costa, P. (2023). Job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior: A meta-analysis of healthcare workers. Behavioral Sciences , 13 (10), 811. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13100811
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2012). Research methods for business students (6th ed.). Pearson Education.
Shi, Y., Wang, D., Zhang, W., & Zhang, K. (2023). The effect of job satisfaction on organizational citizenship behavior: Evidence from healthcare workers. Frontiers in Psychology , 14 , 1048146. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1048146
Simeli , I., Karimi, F., & Musau, S. (2024). Organizational culture and employee performance in healthcare: A systematic review. Sustainability , 16 (9), 3603. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16093603
Soriano-Vázquez, I., García-Cabrera, A.M., & Suárez-Ortega, S.M. (2023). Occupational stress and job satisfaction among healthcare workers: A systematic review. Frontiers in Public Health , 11 , 1249020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1249020
Tietschert , M. V, Angeli, F., van Raak, AJA, Clark, J., Singer, S. J., & Ruwaard , D. (2019). Can organizational culture of teams be a lever for integrating care? An exploratory study. International Journal of Integrated Care , 19 (4), 10. https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.4169
Yang, X., Liu, Y., & Zhang, Q. (2023). Organizational culture and employee behavior: A meta-analytic review. Frontiers in Psychology , 14 , 1094509. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1094509
Yuwono , H., Novitasari , D., & Asbari , M. (2023). The role of organizational culture in predicting organizational citizenship behavior: Evidence from the Indonesian healthcare sector. PLoS ONE , 18 (2), e0281220. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281220
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 João Paulo da Silva, Sandra Elizabete, Cidália Lurdes Soares , Alberto (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
HealthSmart: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, all rights reserved. This open-access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons 